Occupational exposure and health risks of volatile organic compounds of hotel housekeepers: Field measurements of exposure and health risks

Hotel housekeepers represent a large, low-income, predominantly minority, and high-risk workforce. Little is known about their exposure to chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study evaluates VOC exposures of housekeepers, sources and factors affecting VOC levels, and provides preliminary estimates of VOC-related health risks. We utilized indoor and personal sampling at two hotels, assessed ventilation, and characterized the VOC composition of cleaning agents. Personal sampling of hotel staff showed a total target VOC concentration of 57 ± 36 µg/m³ (mean ± SD), about twice that of indoor samples. VOCs of greatest health significance included chloroform and formaldehyde. Several workers had exposure to alkanes that could cause non-cancer effects. VOC levels were negatively correlated with estimated air change rates. The composition and concentrations of the tested products and air samples helped identify possible emission sources, which included building sources (for formaldehyde), disinfection by-products in the laundry room, and cleaning products. VOC levels and the derived health risks in this study were at the lower range found in the US buildings. The excess lifetime cancer risk (average of 4.1 × 10⁻⁵) still indicates a need to lower exposure by reducing or removing toxic constituents, especially formaldehyde, or by increasing ventilation rates.     

350 MW机组锅炉引风机失速原因的运行数据统计分析

针对辽宁东方发电有限公司锅炉引风机发生的多次失速问题,从轴流引风机失速机理基础和根据Li-EMS5.0产品的实时数据监控系统的机组运行数据对引风机失速原因进行了分析,分析判断脱硫塔入口压力、除雾器差压的异常大幅升高是风机产生失速的根本原因,并对产生脱硫塔入口压力、除雾器差压的异常大幅升高原因进行分析判断,经停机采取处理措施后,解决引风机失速问题,保证了机组带负荷能力前提下的安全可靠运行.     

无黏结预应力框架结构的拆改加固设计

连续多跨的二层无粘结预应力混凝土框架结构按照改造需要拆成单跨框架结构,且增加一层。某一方向的预应力钢筋将全部切断。通过对多种改造加固方案的比选,最终确定了无粘结预应力钢绞线应力释放和重张拉法。通过与专业施工单位的共同配合,顺利完成了该工程预应力拆除改造关键技术,施工监测表明,通过施工监测表明整个拆改过程变形合理可控。本项目取得了较好的经济效应,且是改造项目中的绿色工程。     

砂石桩加固浅层地基在生态修复工程中的应用

结合工程实例,在生态修复工程中,分析施工地区的地层土质情况,进而采用振冲砂石桩法对淤泥土层进行地基处理,介绍了砂石桩加固地基的原理和施工工艺.采用标贯试验评价了地基的承载效果,结果表明:采用振冲砂石桩加固淤泥质软土地基,对提高地基的承载力有明显效果,减小了复合地基整体变形,有利于生态和环保.该案列为类似的生态修复工程中应用砂石桩复合地基提供了参考.     

并流控速沉淀法制备纳米α-Bi2O3及其光催化降解苯酚性能研究

以五水合硝酸铋为铋源,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,通过简单易操作的并流控速沉淀法合成了α-Bi2O3纳米颗粒.同时,利用XRD和SEM分析了所获产品的结构与表面形貌.并选用苯酚作为模拟污染物,利用LC3000型高效液相色谱仪对其进行色谱分析,探究了所合成的纳米α-Bi2O3光催化剂的催化性能.当苯酚的质量分数为100μg·g?1、pH=8、α-Bi2O3投加量为60 mg·L?1时,可见光照射180 min,降解率可达92.6％.通过自由基捕获实验发现,在α-Bi2O3光催化降解苯酚体系中主要活性物种为羟基自由基.     

含锡废液的安全处理技术研究

论述了两级沉淀法对含锡废液的处理技术,通过实验得到两级沉淀法处置含锡废液的最优条件,实现了含锡废液的安全有效快速处理.     

白酒人工催陈技术研究进展

白酒自然陈酿具有周期长、占地面积大和投资成本高等问题，因此白酒人工催陈技术受到了广泛的关注。目前白酒人工催陈技术主要包括物理催陈、化学催陈和生物催陈等，其中，物理催陈和生物催陈应用潜力较大，这些技术的应用可以大幅度缩短储存时间，提高白酒品质，降低生产成本。本文从白酒陈酿机理、储存条件出发，综述中国白酒人工催陈技术的研究现状，并对不同的催陈技术及其应用前景进行了分析和比较，旨在为今后白酒人工催陈的研究提供参考和借鉴。     

除盐水装置阳床树脂再生异常的原因及对策

详述了阳床进水细菌滋生对树脂的危害过程,从进水水质、操作工艺、树脂特性、再生液浓度等方面分析了产生危害的原因并提出了相应措施,解决了阳床再生异常的问题,从而进一步阐明阳床进水水质控制的重要性.